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Introduction to Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is literary and cultural criticism from an environmentalist viewpoint. Literary critics in general read books and ask how good they are, and the values to which they appeal in making that judgement tell us what kind of critic they are. A good book - or poem, or play, or film, or TV show - in ecocritical terms is one that says something valuable about environmental problems. It may be one that movingly depicts environmental crisis in a way that should make people care, certainly, but it could also be one that corrects an environmentalist misconception. The critic who commends the environmental content of a work but finds the work to be flawed in other ways is also being an ecocritic, in that the criticism is demonstrating how the environmental content is weakened, obstructed or discredited by the way it is represented.

So are you an ecocritic?

  • If you watch a brilliant television nature documentary and feel that it is falsely reassuring because it doesn’t reveal the threats to the wildlife it shows, you are being an ecocritic.
  • If you admire a passionate piece of environmental advocacy but feel that its tone may be counter-productive, you are being an ecocritic.
  • If you are deeply concerned about climate change but are not sure The Day After Tomorrow will help change hearts and minds, you are an ecocritic.
  • If you feel that a novel uses landscape as mere setting without giving any attention to the ecology and instability of that landscape, you are being an ecocritic.
  • If it annoyed you that the recent TV version of Hardy’s Under the Greenwood Tree was obviously not filmed in Dorset, you were being an ecocritic.
  • If you think the current ecological status of skylarks, nightingales or swallows should inform our response to poems (historical or contemporary) about skylarks, nightingales or swallows, you are being an ecocritic.

This is just a small sample of ecocritical approaches. Book-length introductions and articles about ecocriticism are listed in the bibliography.

- Richard Kerridge

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